A Guide to the Different Types of Headstones

Headstones, also called tombstones and gravestones, are important memorials for the dead. They are a lasting tribute to the life of those who died, and also mark their burial sites for the generations to come. Through time headstones have evolved in appearance and meaning in their significance, and are now beyond just markers for graves. They are now seen as artistic works, expressions of personal identity and physical representations of emotions of the family members who are left behind.

History of Headstones: The History of Headstones
The practice of using headstones to indicate the final resting spots of the deceased dates back to the time of ancient civilizations. In the past, in Egypt, for example the richest were typically interred in elaborate tombs with inscribed names that outlined their lives, achievements, as well as their family. These tombs were built in honor of the deceased and make sure their memory could be preserved.

In early Rome headstones became more prevalent as Roman society began to adopt customs that incorporated personal markers for the dead. These stones typically had writings. Some were straightforward and simple, while others were more intricate which included pictures of the individual's life or accomplishments.

With time as time went by, headstones evolved. In  Cremation , gravestones in Europe began to take on the more religious aspect, with inscriptions in Latin along with Christian symbols such as crosses becoming more widespread. The Renaissance period brought about a renewed interest in classical art which changed the look of gravestones, with more ornate and intricate carvings appearing on stone.

Materials used in Headstones
The materials used in the creation of headstones have also changed throughout time, with each period being characterized by different types of stones. In the early times, large rocks or stones were used and sometimes had inscriptions cut into the rocks. They were frequently chosen due to their long-lasting properties and availability within the region.

As time progressed with time, a broader selection of materials became popular for headstones. Between the 19th and 18th centuries, granite marble, sandstone and granite were the preferred materials for the majority of headstones. These stones were sturdy, capable of withstanding the elements and were meticulously carved in order to create intricate designs and inscriptions.

Granite, specifically, is now one of the most frequently used materials to create modern headstones. Known for its hardness and durability to weathering, granite is an excellent option for creating durable, long-lasting memorials. Furthermore, granite comes in a variety of colors and can be polished to provide a smooth and flawless finish that allows the creation of both elaborate and simple designs.

Marble, even though it is still used today, is less common due to its tendency to weather and wear away over time, especially in extreme climates. Sandstone, once popular in the 19th century, isn't often utilized because of its softer characteristics and vulnerability to erosion.

Headstones: The Design of Headstones
The layout of a memorial stone is highly personal and frequently reflects the personality and life of the individual who has passed away. In the eyes of many, choosing the appropriate headstone is an essential aspect of grieving because it's a way to create a lasting memorial to the memory of a loved one.

Traditional Designs
Traditional headstones often feature an easy rectangular design, and an inscription with names of the deceased's parents, birth date, and the date of death. A few may also feature short epitaphs, quotes, or symbols of religion such as the angels or crosses. These stones are typically constructed from marble or granite and the focus is more on the inscribed text than intricate art work.

Artistic and custom designs
In more recent years there has been a growing desire to design custom headstones to reflect the distinctive personality and character in the decedent's life. Families often choose to commission specialized designs that feature personal symbols such as favorite hobbies or important life occasions. Some headstones contain intricate carvings of the deceased's preferred animals, landscapes, some even have portraits. Other headstones could feature art that reflects spiritual or religious beliefs, for example, doves, angels, or scenes from the Bible.

As an example, some opt to have their funeral stone made in the form of a book, musical instrument, or a vehicle to express their interest or hobbies. Additionally, headstones can include intricate engravings of trees, flowers or other elements of nature to symbolize the connection that the deceased had with earth.

Memorials for Families
They are not only for individuals. Many families choose to create family memorials. These may comprise multiple stones or one large, shared memorial which is a tribute to all members the family that are buried together. These headstones usually include the names of each family member as well as the days of birth and demise, and occasionally additional information such as the names of religious or inspirational quotes. These memorials serve as an opportunity to celebrate the entire lineage of the family and also provide a central location for family members to come and pay their tributes.

The Symbolism of Headstones
Headstones are not just markers for graves. They are powerful symbols that represent the values, beliefs as well as the feelings of the people that design and construct them. The headstone's name is often chosen with care in order to convey information about the person's life, personality or convictions. Many people select phrases, scriptures from religious texts, or personal messages that convey the essence of the person who passed away.

Religious symbols, such as crossed crosses Stars of David, and Islamic crescents, can be added to headstones to express the faith of the deceased. These symbols bring assurance and comfort to the people that are still grieving, and provide an illusion of continuity and connection to the spirit world.

Headstones may also feature additional symbolic symbols. For instance, a figure of an angel could be portrayed as a sign for divine guidance or protection. Flowers, such as roses and Lilies are often used to symbolize love and purity, as well as the temporary nature of life. Other popular symbols include hearts, which symbolize nostalgia and love, and birds, which are frequently seen as symbols of the soul's trip to heaven.

The importance of Headstones
The role of headstones is crucial in the grieving process as well as to remember the deceased. They provide a physical place that mourners can go to contemplate, reflect and pay tributes. The process of walking to a graveyard and standing on a headstone is deeply emotional, allowing individuals to feel close to the person they love in the event of their passing.

In addition to offering comfort for the elderly headstones can also be important historical records. For historians and genealogists Headstones can be a valuable source of details about family history or cultural customs, as well as the lives of those that lived before us. Many families cherish their ancestors headstones because they are tangible evidence to their family's heritage and previous generations.

Conclusion
Headstones are more than just memorials of death. They are also lasting memorials to those who passed before us. With the use of materials, the design choices, and the inscriptions written on them, headstones tell the stories of those who passed in their lives, keeping their memory in perpetuity for future generations. No matter how simple or extravagant every headstone serves as a personal reminder of a life lived and continue to hold significant meaning for the deceased as well as the loved relatives.